Prostate Health in Elderly Males – What You Need to Know

What Tests Should Be Considered?

Testing should be done if the treatments will be followed. So each patient is unique and  should be assessed individually looking at specific benefits and risks before any testing is done. Listed below are screening and monitoring tools available: 

1. PSA Blood Test (Prostate-Specific Antigen):
   • A simple blood test that can help detect early changes, though it is not perfect and can sometimes lead to false positives or unnecessary biopsies.
2. Digital Rectal Exam (DRE):
   • Allows the physician to feel for irregularities in the prostate.
3. MRI or Ultrasound Imaging:
   • Sometimes used for a closer look if test results are abnormal.
4. Biopsy:
   • Considered when other tests show cause for concern.

It’s important to discuss the pros and cons of screening with your healthcare provider, since not all men benefit from aggressive testing.

Symptoms to Watch For

Men should be mindful of urinary and other changes that could suggest prostate problems:

• Frequent urination, especially at night
• Weak urine stream or difficulty starting/stopping
• Painful or burning urination
• Blood in urine or semen
• Unexplained pain in the lower back, hips, or thighs

These symptoms don’t always mean cancer, but they should always be checked.

When to See a Specialist

A urologist should become involved if:

• Screening tests are abnormal
• Symptoms are persistent or worsening
• Family history or genetic testing shows elevated risk
• Treatment discussions (surgery, radiation, medication, or watchful waiting) need to be considered

Options if Cancer Is Found

Treatment depends on the stage of cancer, age, and overall health. Choices may include:

1. Active Surveillance (Watchful Waiting):
   • For slow-growing cancers.
2. Surgery (Prostatectomy):
   • Removing the prostate.
3. Radiation Therapy or Hormone Therapy: To target cancer cells or reduce growth.
   • Sometimes used for a closer look if test results are abnormal.